Le présent simple

I. Emploi       1:. Le présent simple s'utilise pour exprimer une vérité toujours valable.                 ex: The night comes after the day. (La nuit vient après le jour)       2:. Il exprime également ce qui est d'habitude le cas.                 ex: I usually go shopping on Mondays. (D'habitude je fais mes courses le lundi)       3:. Il exprime enfin un événement prévu dans le futur.                 ex: We go to Rome in July. (Nous allons à Rome en juillet)       4:. Les verbes d'état et de sentiments sont conjugués au présent simple.                 ex: He seems to be sad. (Il semble être triste)                       I know him. (Je le connais)                       I don't understand. (Je ne comprends pas)                       I love you. (Je t'aime)                       I feel good. (Je me sens bien) II. Construction       1:. La forme affirmative . Pour les 1ère et 2ème personnes du singulier et les trois du pluriel, on utilise simplement le verbe à la base verbale.                 ex: I know                       you know                       we know                       you know                       they know . Pour la 3ème personne du singulier, on ajoute un s à la base verbale.                 ex: he knows                       she knows                       it knows ! Les bases verbales terminées par un s, un x ou par ch intercalent un e avant le s.                 ex: he kisses                       he mixes                       he teaches       2:. La forme négative . On intercale don't (la contraction de do et not) entre le sujet et la base verbale.                 ex: I don't know                       you don't know                       we don't know                       you don't know                       they don't know . Pour la 3ème personne du singulier, on intercale doesn't (la contraction de does et not) et on supprime le s sur la base verbale.                 ex: he doesn't know       3:. La forme interrogative . On utilise la construction Auxiliaire + Sujet + Verbe. L'auxiliaire du présent simple est do.                 ex: do I know?                       do you know?                       do we know?                       do you know?                       do they know? . Pour la 3ème personne du singulier, l'auxiliaire devient does.                 ex: does he know? III. Les auxiliaires Les auxiliaires ne suivent pas exactement les mêmes règles que les verbes pour leur conjugaison au présent simple. Etant des auxiliaires, ils portent eux-mêmes la négation, et sont placés en première position dans une question.       1:. be                 ex: I am                       you are                       she is                       ...                       we aren't (are not)                       he isn't (is not)                       ...                       am I ... ?                       are you ... ?       2:. have                 ex: I/you/we/they have                       he/she/it has                       I/you/we/they haven't (have not)                       he/she/it hasn't (has not)                       have I/you/we/they ... ?                       has he/she/it ... ?       3:. Les auxiliaires de modalité (can, must, may) Ils ne prennent pas de s à la 3ème personne du singulier.                 ex: I can                       she can                       I must                       he must                       you may                       it may                       ...                       you can't (can not)                       he can't                       we mustn't (must not)                       she mustn't                       I may not                       it may not                       ...                       can I ... ?                       can she ... ?                       must we ... ?                       must he ... ?                       may I ... ?                       may it ... ? IV. Tableau bilan Affirmative Négative Interrogative  I know  you know  he knows  we know  they know  I don't know  you don't know  he doesn't know  we don't know  they don't know  Do I know?  Do you Know?  Does he Know?  Do we Know?  Do they Know?  I am  you are  he is  we are  they are  I am not  you aren't  he isn't  we aren't  they aren't  Am I?  Are you?  Is he?  Are we?  Are they?  I have  you have  he has  we have  they have  I have not  you haven't  he hasn't  we haven't  they haven't  have I?  have you?  has he?  have we?  have they?  I can/must  you can/must  he can/must  we can/must  they can/must  I can/must not  you can/must not  he can/must not  we can/must not  they can/must not  can/must I?  can/must you?  can/must he?  can/must we?  can/must they?